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The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standards Association (IEEE SA) ratified the IEEE 2874 Spatial Web Standard on May 28, 2025.
The IEEE 2874-2025 "Spatial Web Protocol, Architecture, and Governance" Standard was developed as a base specification by the Spatial Web Foundation (SWF). The SWF spec was then reviewed and processed through the IEEE SA Spatial Web Working the IEEE Artificial Intelligence Standards Committee, under the auspices of the IEEE Computer Society, the largest global community of computer scientists and engineers.
IEEE 2874-2025 is a socio-technical standard which defines the Spatial Web system from three perspectives: Stakeholder, Conceptual Model, and Distributed Computing. The specification captures a system design that was synthesized to meet the requirements. The system design is composed of several components:
Hyperspace Modeling Language (HSML)
Hyperspace Transaction Protocol (HSTP)
Universal Domain Graph System (UDG)
Agent Development Framework
Domain-Specific Architectures
Spatial Web Governance.
Implementation Standards are now under development for the first five components. A recommended practice will be developed for governance. IEEE 2874 allocates requirements to each of these components.
This standard establishes the technical foundation for a secure, interoperable, and intelligent Spatial Web, enabling collaboration between AI agents, IoT devices, robotics systems, and digital infrastructure across real-world environments.
By encoding semantic meaning, spatial context, and temporal logic, the Spatial Web enables digital representation of people, agents, places, objects, and processes in a manner that machines can understand and act upon—while ensuring alignment with human-designed systems of law, governance, and coordination.
By defining the methods and the rules for intelligent agents to interact with both digital systems and physical environments, IEEE 2874 unlocks new possibilities for automation, coordination, and control in sectors such as smart cities, logistics, manufacturing, defense, healthcare, aerospace, and virtual worlds.
After final editing, the document will be available for no cost from the IEEE. Currently an introduction to the specification is available at https://spatialwebfoundation.org/swf/the-spatial-web-standards/
Spatial Web Systems Engineering: Design components that meet the Stakeholder needs
Spatial Web Conceptual Model: Entities of the Spatial Web Ontology
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